Mobile network operators worldwide are taking significant steps toward the sunsetting of 2G & 3G networks Most 3G services are being retired already in the UK as part of network modernisation. While 3G networks are being phased out sooner, 2G networks will continue to operate in many countries, especially in Europe, for some time. This transition, often referred to as ‘sunsetting’, has implications for IoT applications. Owners of IoT solutions that use 3G or 2G must consider decommissioning their devices, SIM swaps, upgrades or device replacements.
A noteworthy example of sunsetting the 3G network is Vodafone in the UK. By 2023, less than 4%, of the data transmitted on the Vodafone network relied on 3G technology, a significant reduction from the over 30% recorded in 2016. They said:
“Every UK mobile network has committed to switching off their 3G network. At Vodafone, we’ve already switched off our 3G network in several locations across the UK and our final phase took place in January 2024.” (Source)
Network technologies
To better understand the sunsetting of these networks, let us explore the network technology timeline and where 2G and 3G fit into this.
Network sunsetting
Mobile network operators globally are either shutting down 3G services or planning to do so soon. Some individual operators may sunset their networks earlier than others, particularly their 3G networks.
The goal of sunsetting older networks is to free up spectrum for 5G and beyond, unlocking exciting possibilities for everyday life and business.
For devices still dependent on 3G and incapable of transitioning to 4G or 5G, there is a fallback to 2G technology. However, given the yet-to-be-announced switch-off dates for 2G technology across each network, an eventuality expected in the coming years, this would just be a short-term solution.
Impact on IoT deployments
There are several factors affecting IoT deployments including the cellular module used in the device, the SIM type, the connectivity configuration and alternative bearer services.
It is crucial to assess the impact of specific network sunsets in each country of use on your IoT deployments and plan actions to ensure there is no loss of service on these devices.
Future IoT products will rely on 4G, 5G, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies for seamless connectivity throughout their lifecycle.
Summary
In summary, with the sunsetting 2G and 3G networks the industry is poised for a technological revolution, paving the way for more advanced communication networks and innovative applications. It will be the responsibility of each device owner to ensure they are ready for these advancements.
This article was written by our team of IoT experts here at Fidelity Group. We support a wide range of business sectors with our outstanding IoT solution, which includes our market-leading software management platform, vM2M. If you would like to speak to one of our experts to find out how we can help your business, please Click here or call us today, FREE, on 0800 840 6800.
* 2G is the second generation of mobile communications, focused primarily on calling (Voice). GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) on the 2G network made it possible to also send data packages, however, only one communication technique can be used at a time (using Voice and Data simultaneously is not possible) on this network.
** 3G is the third generation of mobile communications and the successor to the 2G network, this generation of mobile network was still focused on calling, but also offered a faster data connection. 3G was launched in 2001, almost 10 years after 2G.
